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- <text id=89TT1745>
- <title>
- July 03, 1989: Angola:"We Have Taken The First Step"
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1989
- July 03, 1989 Great Ball Of Fire:Angry Sun
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- WORLD, Page 28
- ANGOLA
- "We Have Taken the First Step"
- </hdr><body>
- <p>African leaders push two old enemies toward a cease-fire
- </p>
- <p> President Mobutu Sese Seko's country estate, a
- marble-studded palace set amid flowers and fountains in
- northern Zaire, is sometimes called "Versailles-in-the-Jungle."
- The nickname, a reminder of the treaty that ended World War I,
- seemed especially apt last week as Angolan President Eduardo
- dos Santos and rebel leader Jonas Savimbi, the main antagonists
- in a 14-year-old civil war, met there for a handshake that
- might lead to a formal peace agreement.
- </p>
- <p> For years Dos Santos had denounced Savimbi as a traitor for
- accepting covert military aid from the U.S. and South Africa,
- and insisted he could make peace with Savimbi's National Union
- for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), but never with
- its leader. The dislike was mutual. Savimbi never ceased
- deriding "Dos Santos and his gang" as puppets for introducing
- "Russian-Cuban imperialism" into Angola.
- </p>
- <p> For a few hours last week, all the insults seemed forgotten.
- At the end of the one-day summit, attended by 17 other African
- leaders, the Angolans announced that they had agreed to a
- cease-fire and the opening of peace talks. Said Dos Santos: "We
- have taken the first step."
- </p>
- <p> Angola's civil war, a conflict that has devastated the
- country and taken the lives of an estimated 100,000 people,
- began when the Portuguese colonial government pulled out in
- 1975. The Marxist leadership in Luanda immediately accepted
- military and economic aid from the Soviet Union and troop
- support from Cuba; UNITA turned for help to the U.S. and South
- Africa. With neither side able to prevail in an increasingly
- costly and bloody contest, the first step toward conciliation
- was finally taken last December. After eight years of
- U.S.-brokered negotiations, South Africa agreed to grant
- independence to Namibia, the southwest African territory it had
- administered since 1914, in return for a Cuban promise to pull
- its 50,000 soldiers out of Angola.
- </p>
- <p> With the departure of Cuban and South African forces under
- way, Dos Santos offered amnesty and "reintegration" to UNITA's
- 75,000 guerrilla fighters -- with the notable exception of their
- commander. Savimbi pledged to keep fighting until Dos Santos
- accepted his demands for a multiparty state and free elections
- in which UNITA could take part.
- </p>
- <p> While few details were known about last week's discussions,
- the two sides agreed to the establishment of a mediation
- commission under Mobutu's chairmanship to deal with "technical"
- issues and to meet again in Zimbabwe in August. Zambian
- President Kenneth Kaunda, who sat in on the talks, said
- afterward that Savimbi would leave Angola for voluntary exile.
- Other participants doubted that, however, assuming that Savimbi
- would want to stay on the scene to keep UNITA alive as a
- political movement. The biggest obstacle to a final agreement
- may arise if Dos Santos remains determined to preserve Angola's
- Marxist one-party system and his control of that system.
- </p>
- <p> A major beneficiary of the summit was Mobutu. The Zairian
- President will be in Washington this week for meetings with
- President Bush and Secretary of State James Baker. Mobutu's role
- in bringing the Angolan opponents together may mute criticism
- of human-rights abuses and government corruption in Zaire. U.S.
- Congressmen, who are considering an Administration request for
- extended aid for UNITA, will also be eager to hear Mobutu's
- assessment of the chances for peace. The Zairian is expected to
- call on all outsiders, including the U.S., to cut off military
- aid to the combatants.
- </p>
- <p> Progress toward peace in Angola may produce a spillover
- effect elsewhere in Africa. The government of President Joaquim
- Chissano in Mozambique, another war-torn former Portuguese
- colony, is reportedly ready to open negotiations with the
- insurgents of the Mozambique National Resistance, a brutal
- movement whose 14-year antigovernment campaign has laid waste to
- the economy and killed thousands of civilians. Chissano was
- among those who persuaded Dos Santos to talk peace with UNITA --
- and may wind up taking his own advice.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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